The sources and increase of social wealth have been one of the most fundamental areas of interest since the birth of modern political economy. There had been debates on the source of value, surplus-value, profit or rent; on which type of work a new value can be created; issues such as which classes are economically productive.

The international struggle of the proletariat against the capitalist-imperialist system is manifested in the class confrontation in each country, but it must be linked to actions and struggles of an international character. The working class and the peoples, in their struggle to win their emancipation, must uphold a policy of class independence.

With advancements in digitalisation and artificial intelligence, examples of full automation at the operational level are on the rise. This trend is likely to accelerate in the coming years.

Will the Chinese model of “market socialism” remain stable in the long term? Does it actually pursue socialist goals, or is it more accurately described as a form of capitalism guided by the state? The author encourages readers to view the Chinese system beyond Western categories and to analyse its contradictions.

Despite economic growth, the Chinese proletariat faces precarious working conditions, low wages, and limited labor rights. Their perspective is key to understanding the social and political dynamics in China.

Individual struggles must be systematically transformed into the revolutionary class struggle.

Among the existing imperialist states, Russia exhibits atypical characteristics.